Erik Erikson Stages of Development and Cultural Implication

INTRODUCTION: An individual is made up of his or her frames of reference. Our social interactions and beliefs are all a reflection of our surroundings, environment, things we hear, feel or touch. A frame of reference can simply be defined as â€Å"The context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or of evaluative criteria within which a persons perception and thinking seem always to occur, and which constrains selectively the course and outcome of these activities therefore one can say, Gender, Age, Religion, Environment, Education, Occupation, Political Class, Family and Press are the common determinants of individual frames of reference. We are told about the world before we see it. We imagine most things before we experience them†¦show more content†¦However failure at this stage attracts a sense of guilt, lacking self-initiative and always a follower. Rewards In Nigeria parents are enthusiastic about the industriousness of their children and often reward their efforts. Nigerian parents always encourage their children to attend to errands and solve little problems thereby increasing the â€Å"initiativeness† of the child. Likewise children are allowed a great degree of interactions with fellow children in a proper cultural setting not the type we now have with parents inhibiting their child’s interaction with other children. Flogging The opposite of rewards for a good job by a child is flogging by parents in Nigeria. The cultural belief is that a child should be spanked when he or she does something wrong. However, this might kill the â€Å"initiativeness† in the child especially when they cannot relate their being punished to a certain misdemeanor. Industry vs. Inferiority Between age 6 – to puberty, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishment. They plan projects and see them through to completion. Teachers must encourage children at this stage to make them believe in their ability. Once a child is successful at this stage, they become industrious and confident in achieving life goals; inferiority complex is the repercussion of failure at this stage of development.Show MoreRelatedSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 Pagesskills and habits necessary for precipitating within one’s society, thus the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained† (Boundless.com, 2015). The process of socialisation involves an individual such as an adolescent to have interactions with various agents of socialisation. Agents of socialisation are factors that play a crucial role in providing an individual with social and cultural skills in accordance with the social norms and standards of the society one is located in (Brian FurzeRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Identity Development Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesSocial development is one of the most significant aspects of a childs life, for they can not live with out social interaction, the moment they are born they are being interacted with, typically social development happens to everyone throughout their life, with the rare cases of adults becoming hermits, there is no escape from developing socially to fit in with those around you, or to stand out. works along side emotional development as how we develop socially affects our emotions and the emotionsRead MoreEssay about Erik Erikson and Post-Freudian Theory2317 Words   |  10 PagesErik Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to an unmarried Jewish mother. He was raised in an artists colony by his mother and eventually he would have his pediatrician as a stepfather, however, Erikson would seek his biological father’s identity throughout his life. (Capps, Mother, melancholia, and humor in Erik H. Eriksons earliest writings, 2008). In 1929, Erikson began psychoanalysis with Anna Freud and in 1933, he and his wife and children emigrated first to Denmark and then to theRead MoreThe Educational Field For Various Reasons Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of psychological research in education systems as a means of providing specific educational techniques and behaviors that give both the student and teacher the best environment for personal development. T he knowledge of teacher’s personal impact on a child’s social and intellectual development will only motivate educators to plan their actions based on desired outcomes they want to achieve. Therefore, if a teacher knows that if do not create and promote adequate support networks for theirRead MoreJoan Eriksons Stages Of Psychosocial Development792 Words   |  4 PagesEriksons stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson,[1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. All stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to both a natural scheme and ones ecological and cultural upbringing. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challengesRead Morecompare Bronfenbrenner and Erikson Essay3116 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Lifespan Developments The ories offer explanations of how the individual changes and develops throughout their lifetime. While this objective is constant, the focus of these theories vary. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory adopts an intrapersonal focus, outlining nine age related stages of the life cycle while Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Stage Theory focuses on five socio-cultural stages within which the individual interacts, interpersonally, over time. This essay will focus on both theseRead MoreEcological Systems Theory By Urie Bronfenbrenner1556 Words   |  7 Pageson the impact of the environment on a child’s overall development. The identifying characteristics of Bronfenbrenner’s theory are the five systems used to organize external influences within a child’s development. These systems are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Each system is aligned with specific interaction levels. The microsystem is considered to be the most intimate of the levels, in which development is dependent on the immediate environment. The immediateRead MoreObservation of Child Growth Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction red - Development blue – Conclusion orange Individualism– Giving priority to one’s own goals over group          goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes          rather than group identification.       For the first time in my life I am being an individualist. I am giving greater priority to my own personal goals. I honestly don’t know what I was thinking changing careers at the age of 42 but I am determined to get my nursing degree. For the next 2 years it will beRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology2134 Words   |  9 Pageschildren’s development is portrayed as a array of psychosexual stages. In the three essays of sexuality Sigmund Freud zoned these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. All of the stages which are involved in the fulfillment the pleasure of a libidinal wish and can then later on play a part in adult behavior. If a child doesn’t effectively complete a stage, Freud suggested that he or she would develo p a fascination that would then later on effect adult personality and behavior. Erik eriksonRead MoreThe Best Possible Educator I1294 Words   |  6 Pagestheir students. The term development, â€Å"Is not applied to all changes, but rather to those that appear in orderly ways and remain for a reasonably long period of time. (Woolfolk, p. 32).† There are four distinct aspects of development. There’s physical development, personal development, social development and cognitive development. The three main principles of development include the rate at which children develop, how development is relatively orderly and that development takes place gradually. Some

Epidemiology And The Community Of Hartford Connecticut

Epidemiology in the community of Hartford Connecticut I have chosen to focus my paper on the city of Hartford Connecticut. Identifying the right data source to obtain information is very important for managing and targeting the right population in the disease management process. Information can be found in many places, but finding credible sources is very important to assess the community and compare to the nationwide problems. Since the introduction of the Internet, we have been able to access many places in on World Wide Web to be able in becoming more informed and educate ourselves on disease management. Some of the credible data sources I have been able to obtain are from the federal and state level, some were non-profit†¦show more content†¦According to CERC Town Profile in 2014 the most current population for the city of Hartford in 2012 was of 124,979 compared to the state 3,572,213, which there is an expected increase in population of 0.2% by year 2020 for the city of Hartford. With a median household income of $28,931 , compared to the state of $69,519. The poverty level of the city was stated to be at 34.4% compared to the low state rate at 10.5%. But according to the Census Bureau when comparing the poverty level with other major cities in the state such as New Haven at 26.4% and at Bridgeport 23.6%, the city of Hartford poverty level is much higher. Unemployment rate seems to be a big concern for the city being at 14.7% compared to 7.8% of the total state unemployment rate. (CERC). The city houses many big corporations causing a major problem for people that lack in education finding employment within the city. Even though they have easy access to public transportation traveling outside the city may cause a burden to the people whom have to travel for employment outside the city. Crime rate within the city is also a major concern in the year of 2014 it was reported 19 cases homicides in the city a decline from the previous years. According to CT healthy people 2020 their expected rate of 5.5 per 100,000 population (DPH), in which the city of Hartford is leading below the expected rate at 3.5 per 100,000Show MoreRelatedStatistical Data Of Heart Disease1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to speak about statistical data of heart disease in Hartford Connecticut. The Epidemiology and the community I have chosen to speak about in this paper are cardiovascular disease and stroke in the city of Hartford in the state of Connecticut. According to Heart.org, Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and accounts for more than 17.3 million deaths per year and is expected to grow to over 23.6 million by 2030 (Heart Disease, Stroke and Research At-a-GlanceRead MoreMyocardial Infaraction6192 Words   |  25 Pages10;170(9):759-64. Rethinking the epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction: challenges and opportunities. Yeh RW, Go AS. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Abstract BACKGROUND: During the previous decade, many strategies for preventing acute myocardial infarction found to be efficacious in randomized controlled trials have been adopted by physicians in the community. Although evaluations of quality improvement

Business Structure an Activity Individuals †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Structure an Activity Individuals. Answer: Introduction: A partnership is an association of business or individuals that comes together with the purpose of carrying on a business, an activity or even a project for either a stipulated or a indefinite period of time. The partnership form of a business is created for various purposes but the most common purpose of setting up a partnership business structure is to earn profit. In order to determine whether partnership form of business is suitable, it is essential to understand the essential features, the advantages and the disadvantages of this form of business structure (Allen and Kraakman 2016). Share of profits- under this form of business structure, all the partners are entitled to share the risks and the rewards associated with the business; Unlimited liability- the partners of the partnership firm are severally as well as jointly liable for all the obligations and debts of the business, which also includes the damages and the losses suffered by the firm arising from the wrongful conduct or omission of the partners (Beamish 2013). The partners are also liable to the parties for any acts or omissions conducted by the partners of the firm; Share of Profits- each partner of the partnership firm shall be entitled to share the net profits of the business, which shall be proportionate to the amount of capital invested by each partner into the partnership business. There is no need for any clause with respect to profit sharing ratio, to be incorporated in the partnership contract; Decision-making- the partners of the firm are entitled with te right to take part in the decision making process to ensure that appropriate decisions are taken in the interests of the company as well as its members. They are entitled to make decisions regarding matters that may have an impact upon the business and its assets. Flexibility- the business structure of a partnership fro of business is flexible in nature as the partners are at liberty to decide how the business procedure of the business should be carried out. Taxation- the partners shall be accountable for their respective tax payments owing to the fact that the partners are self-employed and do not work under an employer. The advantages of this form of business structure are as follows: The partnership business structure permits sharing of labor, skill, equipment, expertise and financial resources. Unlike the incorporated entities, the expenses associated with the establishment of a partnership form of business are comparatively low. A partnership comes into existence by entering into a partnership agreement. Since a partnership form of business is not a separate legal entity, the partners are entitled to certain tax benefits. The partners may use the losses sustained by them in the partnership business to offset the income they have earned from the other sources however, the partners can use the income lost to the extent of their partnership share (Bubb 2014). The most appealing feature of partnership businesses is that the partners are entitled to share the profits and losses between each other. The disadvantages that a partnership form of business suffers are as follows: Since a partnership form of business is not a separate legal entity, each partner shall be personally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership firm. Moreover, a partner shall be accountable for the debts, wrongful acts or omissions of other partners as well. Hence, they shall be jointly and severely responsible for the debts and obligations of the partnership business (Cojocaru 2015). Another disadvantage of this form of business structure is that it would cease to exist with a change in the membership. To remove any individual person as partner, the partnership has to be dissolved and re-formed with the new members. Joint venture Business Structure A joint venture form of business structure refers to an agreement between two or more companies or individuals where parties work together towards the planned goal while maintaining their separate entities or businesses. Each of the parties to such joint venture shall be responsible for the debts incurred while carrying out the project and after the completion of the project the parties shall divide the profits between themselves (Hynes 2014). The relationship of the parties to a joint venture is usually governed by the joint venture agreement. Businesses may select joint venture agreement for various short term and long-term projects such as publishing agreements, transportation agreements, Research and Development agreements, etc. The essential features of joint venture business agreements are as follows: Flexibility in tax- this form of business structure ensures greater amount of flexibility in terms of taxation; Limited liability- the liability for debts and obligations arising in a joint venture form of business is considered to be separate and the parties are not jointly liable; Non-liability to partners- the partners are not liable for the wrongful acts or omissions of other partners; The joint venture business structure has the following advantages: One of the advantages of an unincorporated joint venture is the convenient setting up of the working relationship between each of the participants. In the absence of an incorporation of a new entity that is jointly held by all the participants, there is no need to develop a corporate structure that complies with the corporation laws within the jurisdiction, in which the joint venture business is carried out. There is a growth in the business structure without borrowing money or looking out for external investments; There is a scope of development of new products and services. it further allows greater access to more resources for the parties who are involved in such joint venture business; This form of business structure enables the parties to gain better access to additional resources such as technology , specialist staffs etc; The most appealing feature of this form of business structure is that there a temporary and not permanent commitment between the parties involved in the joint venture business. The joint venture form of business has certain disadvantages as well which are enumerated as below: It might be difficult to find the appropriate competent people and developing a trusting and strong relationship between such people; In order to avert any form of conflict with the co-business partners, the parties to the joint venture business must comprehend the terms, goals and objectives of such business; Business partners may not be committed to the project as is required by the joint venture agreement. The terms of the agreement is governed by the contract law and common law, which governs the joint venture. In case separate legal entity is incorporated for joint venture, then the Corporations Act shall come into play. Legislations governing Partnership Business and Joint Venture In Australia, each state has its respective legislations that govern partnerships. Such as Partnership Ac 1963 in ACT, Partnerships Act 1892 of NSW, Partnership Act 1891 of Queensland, Partnership Act 1958 in Victoria, etc. However, the definition of partnership encompasses certain essential elements, which is common in every jurisdiction. They include valid agreement, the common objective to carry on a business unlike the joint venture, which deals with single transactions, and the objective of earning profit. There is no law that expressly governs joint ventures in Australia (Lawrence 2013). They are subjected to an amalgamation of general legislation and other legal rules pertaining to contract, corporate law and other regulatory aspects. People often make common mistakes while using the interchangeable gradation of terms joint venture agreement and partnership agreement. Although both the terms are ostensibly similar on the very face of it, there are certain differences between both the terms. Despite the fact that it is hard to differentiate between the two terms, there are few differences between the terms (Miller 2015). A partnership agreement is a statutory relationship between two or more individuals for the purpose of carrying on the business with the objective of earning profit. In case of a partnership agreement, it is essential that the mutual intentions and aims of the partnership agreement is shared and agreed upon by the parties to the joint venture agreement. The development of a formal partnership agreement aims at eliminating any potential conflict among the partners that may arise out of the partnership business in the future (Mann and Roberts 2015). The partnership agreement must stipulate the duties and obligations that mandate the employees to follow while carrying out the business operations. On the other hand, a joint venture agreement is vaguer as compared to the partnership form of agreement. In other words, a joint venture agreement is a form of partnership agreement. It is a legal relationship that may be developed formally. However, the essential terms of the agreement shall be stipulated in a written joint venture agreement. Moreover, there is no precise legal definition but the legal relationship includes an unincorporated joint venture. A formalized joint venture agreement identifies that the individuals have not formed any form of partnership. Recommendation It is recommended that before entering into a joint venture or partnership agreement, it is mandatory to understand the objectives and goals of the business that the person starting up the business aims at achieving. Both the joint venture and partnership form of business is advantageous but have their respective disadvantages. If flexibility is the essential feature that Lance, Nick and Xaojing are looking for in their herbal product business, then joint venture form of business is appropriate (Miller 2015). However, partnership form of business has specific duties and obligations stipulated in the partnership agreement unlike the joint venture agreement that is relatively vaguer. Further, there is no legislation governing the joint venture form of business structure, whereas the Partnership business is governed by several legislations in every individual states of Australia, which provides a legal framework for businesses in the country. Since Nick, Lance and Xaojing wanted to start up business together, partnership form of business would be appropriate as the partners are liable for the debts and obligations of each other, unlike, joint venture where the parties are not accountable for each others liability. Reference list Allen, W.T. and Kraakman, R., 2016.Commentaries and cases on the law of business organization. Wolters Kluwer law business. Allen, W.T. and Kraakman, R., 2016.Commentaries and cases on the law of business organization. Wolters Kluwer law business. Beamish, P., 2013.Multinational joint ventures in developing countries (RLE International Business). Routledge. Bubb, R., 2014. Choosing the Partnership: English Business Organization Law During the Industrial Revolution.Seattle UL Rev.,38, p.337. Clarkson, K., Miller, R. and Cross, F., 2014.Business Law: Texts and Cases. Nelson Education. Cojocaru, C., 2015. Some Consideration regarding the Joint-Venture Agreement as Per the Current Regulation. InConf. Int'l Dr.(p. 108). Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hynes, J.D., 2014.Agency, partnership, and the LLC: the law of unincorporated business enterprises: selected statutes and form agreements. LexisNexis. Lawrence, G.M., 2013.Due Diligence in Business Transactions. Law Journal Press. Mann, R.A. and Roberts, B.S., 2015.Business law and the regulation of business. Nelson Education. Mann, R.A. and Roberts, B.S., 2015.Business law and the regulation of business. Nelson Education. Miller, R.L., 2015.Business Law Today, Standard: Text Summarized Cases. Nelson Education.

The Positive Outcomes Of Small Class Sizes In Elementary School Essay Sample free essay sample

Smaller categories are a cardinal ingredient in pupil success. The researches leave no uncertainty that little categories have an advantage over larger categories in pupil public presentation in the early primary classs. Students who had been in smaller categories had higher accomplishment in all academic countries compared to pupils in regular or teacher-aide categories. We have found that a decrease in category size will bring forth a assortment of benefits for instructors and pupils. Small categories influence non merely student’s academic accomplishments. but they besides benefit student’s societal accomplishments and relationships with their instructors. One illustration of an advantage for a little category is that fighting pupils can have more single aid from the schoolroom instructor. whereas a instructor that is in charge of a big category would be excessively busy to give that pupil single aid. Because single instructor attending is available in a little category. fighting pupils will have the aid they need. We will write a custom essay sample on The Positive Outcomes Of Small Class Sizes In Elementary School Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and as a consequence. pupil accomplishment will better. Teachers will besides happen that in a little category. they will be better able to pull off their category. Discipline jobs will be less frequent and terrible because the schoolroom instructor will hold better control of the pupils In a little category. because â€Å"students receive more attending and are less likely to go discipline problems† . instructors will concentrate less on disciplinary actions and will concentrate more on direction and really learning the pupils. Another advantage of holding a little category is that it besides provides instructors the ability to truly understand their student’s strengths and failings. By going familiar with their student’s abilities. instructors can individualise their lesson programs to profit their pupils. Knowing the strengths and failings of pupils is good because this helps instructors recognize when to pass more clip on a subject. Clearly. pupils who have been enrolled in little categories from a immature age benefit from individualized instructor attending and direction. It would non be possible to hold such benefits in a big category. Small category size greatly and positively influences student accomplishment during the clip the pupil is enrolled in a little category and when he/she moves onto higher instruction. From a technological point of view. with a little category. the instructor could utilize learning methods such as on-line categories and treatment boards to pull off and maintain the category interesting and synergistic. By being introduced to this technique. pupils may be willing to take part more frequently and be more involved in category work as opposed to being nervous about raising their custodies in fright of being embarrassed or laughed at in a big schoolroom scene. Positive out coming are: